SpringCloud-Alibaba-Seata-1

构建微服务架构(SpringCloud Alibaba Seata 篇)

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u011863024/article/details/114298270

分布式事务问题由来

分布式前

单机单库没这个问题
从1:1 -> 1:N -> N:N

单体应用被拆分成微服务应用，原来的三个模块被拆分成三个独立的应用,分别使用三个独立的数据源，业务操作需要调用三三 个服务来完成。此时每个服务内部的数据一致性由本地事务来保证， 但是全局的数据一致性问题没法保证。

一句话：一次业务操作需要跨多个数据源或需要跨多个系统进行远程调用，就会产生分布式事务问题。

Seata术语

是什么

Seata是一款开源的分布式事务解决方案，致力于在微服务架构下提供高性能和简单易用的分布式事务服务。

官方网址: http://seata.io/zh-cn/

能干嘛

一个典型的分布式事务过程

分布式事务处理过程的一ID+三组件模型：

Transaction ID XID 全局唯一的事务ID

三组件概念

TC (Transaction Coordinator) - 事务协调者：维护全局和分支事务的状态，驱动全局事务提交或回滚。
TM (Transaction Manager) - 事务管理器：定义全局事务的范围：开始全局事务、提交或回滚全局事务。
RM (Resource Manager) - 资源管理器：管理分支事务处理的资源，与TC交谈以注册分支事务和报告分支事务的状态，并驱动分支事务提交或回滚。

处理过程：

1. TM向TC申请开启一个全局事务，全局事务创建成功并生成一个全局唯一的XID；
2. XID在微服务调用链路的上下文中传播；
3. RM向TC注册分支事务，将其纳入XID对应全局事务的管辖；
4. TM向TC发起针对XID的全局提交或回滚决议；
5. TC调度XID下管辖的全部分支事务完成提交或回滚请求。

Seata-Server安装

去哪下

发布说明: https://github.com/seata/seata/releases

怎么玩

本地@Transactional

全局@GlobalTransactional

SEATA 的分布式交易解决方案

我们只需要使用一个 @GlobalTransactional 注解在业务方法上:

Seata-Server安装

官网地址 - http://seata.io/zh-cn/

下载版本 - 1.4.2

注：seata 的0.9 和 1.0 以后的版本很多配置有所变化

seata-server-1.4.2.zip解压到指定目录

修改conf目录下的file.conf配置文件

store 模块的 mode 选择数据库模式，并配置数据库连接信息

store {
  ## store mode: file、db、redis
  mode = "db"  #更改部分
  ## rsa decryption public key
  publicKey = ""
  ## file store property
  file {
    ## store location dir
    dir = "sessionStore"
    # branch session size , if exceeded first try compress lockkey, still exceeded throws exceptions
    maxBranchSessionSize = 16384
    # globe session size , if exceeded throws exceptions
    maxGlobalSessionSize = 512
    # file buffer size , if exceeded allocate new buffer
    fileWriteBufferCacheSize = 16384
    # when recover batch read size
    sessionReloadReadSize = 100
    # async, sync
    flushDiskMode = async
  }
db {
    ## the implement of javax.sql.DataSource, such as DruidDataSource(druid)/BasicDataSource(dbcp)/HikariDataSource(hikari) etc.
    datasource = "druid"
    ## mysql/oracle/postgresql/h2/oceanbase etc.
    dbType = "mysql"
    driverClassName = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
    url = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata"
    user = "sevattal"
    password = "Lovemomo"
    minConn = 5
    maxConn = 100
    globalTable = "global_table"
    branchTable = "branch_table"
    lockTable = "lock_table"
    queryLimit = 100
    maxWait = 5000
  }

注：如果你的mysql是8.0的版本，则数据库的连接驱动需要更改为：com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

修改registry.conf

使用nacos作为注册和配置中心。可以在nacos中创建一个命名空间，把生成的命名空间的值拷过来

registry {
  # file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
  type = "nacos"
  nacos {
    application = "seata-server"
    serverAddr = "192.168.10.30:1111"
    group = "SEATA_GROUP"
    namespace = ""
    cluster = "default"
    username = "nacos"
    password = "nacos"
  }
  eureka {
    serviceUrl = "http://localhost:8761/eureka"
    application = "default"
    weight = "1"
  }
  redis {
    serverAddr = "localhost:6379"
    db = 0
    password = ""
    cluster = "default"
    timeout = 0
  }
  zk {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
    sessionTimeout = 6000
    connectTimeout = 2000
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
  consul {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
    aclToken = ""
  }
  etcd3 {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
  }
  sofa {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:9603"
    application = "default"
    region = "DEFAULT_ZONE"
    datacenter = "DefaultDataCenter"
    cluster = "default"
    group = "SEATA_GROUP"
    addressWaitTime = "3000"
  }
  file {
    name = "file.conf"
  }
}
config {
  # file、nacos 、apollo、zk、consul、etcd3
  type = "file"
  nacos {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:1111"
    namespace = ""
    group = "SEATA_GROUP"
    username = ""
    password = ""
    dataId = ""
  }
  consul {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
    aclToken = ""
  }

seata各个脚本
官方网址：https://github.com/seata/seata/blob/develop/script

注意： 以下sql 都在 seata 库中执行

AT模式下的 undo_log 建表语句

CREATE TABLE `undo_log` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `xid` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `context` varchar(128) NOT NULL,
  `rollback_info` longblob NOT NULL,
  `log_status` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `log_created` datetime NOT NULL,
  `log_modified` datetime NOT NULL,
  `ext` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`,`branch_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

server 的保存模式为 db 时所需表的建表语句

-- the table to store GlobalSession data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `global_table`
(
    `xid`                       VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
    `transaction_id`            BIGINT,
    `status`                    TINYINT      NOT NULL,
    `application_id`            VARCHAR(32),
    `transaction_service_group` VARCHAR(32),
    `transaction_name`          VARCHAR(128),
    `timeout`                   INT,
    `begin_time`                BIGINT,
    `application_data`          VARCHAR(2000),
    `gmt_create`                DATETIME,
    `gmt_modified`              DATETIME,
    PRIMARY KEY (`xid`),
    KEY `idx_gmt_modified_status` (`gmt_modified`, `status`),
    KEY `idx_transaction_id` (`transaction_id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;

-- the table to store BranchSession data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `branch_table`
(
    `branch_id`         BIGINT       NOT NULL,
    `xid`               VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
    `transaction_id`    BIGINT,
    `resource_group_id` VARCHAR(32),
    `resource_id`       VARCHAR(256),
    `branch_type`       VARCHAR(8),
    `status`            TINYINT,
    `client_id`         VARCHAR(64),
    `application_data`  VARCHAR(2000),
    `gmt_create`        DATETIME(6),
    `gmt_modified`      DATETIME(6),
    PRIMARY KEY (`branch_id`),
    KEY `idx_xid` (`xid`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;

-- the table to store lock data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `lock_table`
(
    `row_key`        VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
    `xid`            VARCHAR(128),
    `transaction_id` BIGINT,
    `branch_id`      BIGINT       NOT NULL,
    `resource_id`    VARCHAR(256),
    `table_name`     VARCHAR(32),
    `pk`             VARCHAR(36),
    `gmt_create`     DATETIME,
    `gmt_modified`   DATETIME,
    PRIMARY KEY (`row_key`),
    KEY `idx_branch_id` (`branch_id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;

用于存放各种配置中心的初始化脚本，执行时都会读取 config.txt配置文件，并写入配置中心（下面是nacos的脚本）

#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Copyright 1999-2019 Seata.io Group.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at、
#
#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
while getopts ":h:p:g:t:u:w:" opt
do
  case $opt in
  h)
    host=$OPTARG
    ;;
  p)
    port=$OPTARG
    ;;
  g)
    group=$OPTARG
    ;;
  t)
    tenant=$OPTARG
    ;;
  u)
    username=$OPTARG
    ;;
  w)
    password=$OPTARG
    ;;
  ?)
    echo " USAGE OPTION: $0 [-h host] [-p port] [-g group] [-t tenant] [-u username] [-w password] "
    exit 1
    ;;
  esac
done
urlencode() {
  for ((i=0; i < $